The discovery of an ancient settlement at Ftelia attests to the existence of a significant culture on the island during the Neolithic period. The settlement dates back to the Late Neolithic period and it was discovered in the middle of Ftelia’s beach. The oldest buildings date from the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Important architectural ruins were discovered for the first time in the Cyclades in this particular settlement (rectangular buildings that were built on rocks with small storage rooms and thick walls). Plenty of charred bean seeds and fragments of ceramic vessels in different shapes were found inside them. Animal bones and arrowheads made of obsidian were discovered, as well, proving that the residents were cattle breeders and hunters.